What is ADHD?

What are the symptoms of ADHD?

• Symptoms of inattention
  • Finding it hard to concentrate, easily distracted
  • Having trouble organising tasks
  • Having difficulty with time management
  • Putting off doing tasks that require sustained mental effort
  • Being forgetful or misplacing things
• Hyperactivity
  • Fidgety, finding it hard to sit still
  • Feeling restless mentally
  • Finding it hard to relax
  • Talking excessively
  • Finding it hard to sit through long activities
  • Having difficulty sleeping
• Impulsivity
  • Often interrupting others
  • Acting without thinking
  • Buying things impulsively
  • Struggling to control emotions
  • Impulsive eating or drinking

How many people have ADHD?

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) estimates that, globally, around 5% of children have ADHD.
UK studies have shown higher rates in boys compared to girls. But there’s growing recognition that ADHD in girls and women may present differently and may be underdiagnosed.

It’s estimated that between 3% and 4% of adults in the UK have ADHD — that’s between 2 and 3 million people.
Many adults with ADHD remain undiagnosed, so this figure is probably higher.

What causes ADHD?

Both genetics and brain function play a role but the exact cause of ADHD is not fully understood.

Genetics

ADHD often runs in families. If a child has ADHD, there’s a 5-fold chance that other family members also have ADHD.

Brain structure and function

Brain imaging studies have shown differences in brain structure and function in individuals with ADHD, particularly in areas related to attention, motivation, and behaviour.

Neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, which play a crucial role in attention and focus, function differently in people with ADHD.

Lower levels of dopamine receptors impact the reward system

ADHD seldom appears alone

• 14-21% of people with ADHD also have autism
• 20% have dyslexia
• 35% have an anxiety disorder
• 60% have a sleep disorder

The positives of ADHD

Although ADHD often brings many challenges, it often comes with many strengths too.

• Creativity and innovation: Many people with ADHD make brilliant entrepreneurs because they have many of the skills needed for starting and running a business.
• Hyperfocus: When individuals with ADHD are deeply engaged in something that interests them, they can exhibit intense focus and hyperfocus, leading to creative breakthroughs and innovative solutions.
• Out-of-the-box thinking: The tendency towards impulsivity and a unique perspective can lead to new ideas and approaches.
• Artistic expression: Many individuals with ADHD excel in creative fields like art, music, and writing.
• Energy and enthusiasm: People with ADHD often possess high energy levels and a strong sense of enthusiasm. This can translate into strong work ethic, a zest for life, and a passionate approach to their interests.
• Resilience and adaptability: Individuals with ADHD often develop strong coping mechanisms and resilience in navigating challenges. They may be highly adaptable and resourceful in finding ways to overcome obstacles.
• Intense curiosity: People with ADHD often possess a strong sense of curiosity and a thirst for knowledge. This can lead to a lifelong love of learning and exploration.
• Strong social skills: Many individuals with ADHD are highly social and possess strong interpersonal skills, such as empathy, humour, and the ability to connect with others on a deep level.

These strengths may not be experienced by everyone with ADHD. It’s crucial to remember that each individual experiences it differently.

Getting an ADHD diagnosis

ADULTS

To receive an ADHD diagnosis, adults must have 5 or more of the symptoms of inattentiveness, or 5 or more of hyperactivity and impulsiveness. In addition, you need to undergo a comprehensive assessment by a qualified mental health professional.

CHILDREN

Children need to have 6 or more of the symptoms of inattentiveness, or 6 or more of hyperactivity and impulsiveness. Children also need to be assessed by a qualified mental health professional.

Effective treatments

The gold standard of ADHD treatment is education, medication and specialist coaching and/or CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy).

Education

Understanding how ADHD affects your brain is crucial to helping you cope with the condition. It’s the first step in realising how your unique brain wiring is connected to your behaviour.

Medication

ADHD medication can be highly effective in managing symptoms. However, to make an informed decision on whether it’s right for you, it’s important to discuss the options with a specialist physician.

Coaching

ADHD coaching helps you focus on developing your strengths, while effectively managing your challenges.